Manchild in the promised land

Original blacks in New York had the one of a kind circumstance of being in the urban life just because, having originated from slave work conditions on southern ranches, they brought their encounters of living as slaves, they brought their religion and they brought trust that life in the city would be extraordinary, that life would be better in the guarantee land.â As we seen in Manchild in the Promised Land, life in New York is hard, harder than the south in new ways that blacks couldn't have set themselves up for. Destitution, savagery, and partiality tailed them any place they went in America, including New York.â Black youngsters experiencing childhood in this urban setting resemble weeds developing between the splits in the pavementâ€they are healthy, they do what they need to do to survive.â The lanes are their play area, their school and expectation is just in the karma one has that they won’t get busted.â How did this way of life develop?â various components, to be specific neediness and preference made different issues grow, for example, brutality, kid misuse, drugs, prostitution and so forth. Youngster Abuse One social sick that regularly comes from neediness is youngster abuse.â In the book kid misuse is found in homes, for example, Claude’s companion Bucky whose mother, who is on government assistance, is in such a condition of gloom, that she picks her beverage and betting over taking care of her own four children.â These kids enjoyed living in the kid government assistance house on the grounds that in any event there they had three dinners every day and a spot to sleep.â Of his companion Claude says, â€Å"Bucky was the main child I realized who could remain out throughout the night and not be missed† (p 32). This plainly imparted in these young the battle to make due no matter what whether it be brutality or stealing.â School likewise became something that scarcely appears to be beneficial when a youngster could be out â€Å"catting† in the city and returned home with food, cash, garments or different things when school just implied that you would most likely get in a difficult situation for something and get beat when you got home.â Claude doesn’t appear to understand the advantages of going to class, figuring out how to peruse and so forth until nearly his secondary school years when the jail superintendent supports him and accepts that he could progress admirably. Similarly as an ace mishandled the slave, numerous a dark parent manhandled their kids under the misrepresentation of â€Å"spare the bar and ruin the child,† raising them up with savagery in their souls from the start.â Black kids in Harlem were to regard their folks and do what they were told or pay the expense. For discipline for his different wrongdoings and school skipping, Claude is beaten continuously more truly until his dad resorts to hitting him with his clench hands since it appears that regardless of what discipline Claude is given, he keeps on stumbling into difficulty and his dad is disappointed to the point of genuine violence.â So from the age of six years of age, savagery is ingrained in Claude as a methods for maintaining authority and for rebuffing incorrectly doing however curiously enough, viciousness was insufficient to make Claude regard his dad and the day his dad utilized his clench hands on Claude is by all accounts the day that Claude’s relationship with his dad was cut off. Savagery Savagery is a piece of endurance in Harlem.â One must shield their masculinity, their notoriety or dread losing significant collusions with other men who help make road life livable.â In jail one must secure their position of intensity, which is more obvious than in the city. Instances of savagery in the book incorporate when Claude repudiates his companion for permitting himself to be beat up by white menâ€to Harlem road youth this was the most ill bred thing one could do to oneself. Huge Bill, a man in Claude’s neighborhood, urged the children to battle since he realized they expected to figure out how to safeguard themselves on those hard streets.â Big Bill was setting them up forever, as he saw it.â In request to endure, Claude learned, you must be a â€Å"bad nigger,† which implied that you must be happy to do anything; you must be willing to die.â One time when Claude was beat up over a quarter he stated, â€Å"It wasn’t the estimation of money†¦ It was only that these things represented a man’s masculinity or principles† (p. 256). Viciousness is utilized to keep racial segregationâ€Claude is raised being informed that on the off chance that he were to ever lay down with a white lady he would be lynched.â The police use brutality to control violence.â Violence is likewise utilized by the ordinary occupants of Harlem to ensure themselves against the individuals who live the road life.â Claude got a slug in the stomach from a neighbor who was basically attempting to shield their sheets from being stolen.â One man’s head was aired out by a landowner for peeing in the passage of his building.â   The pattern of wrong doing is by all accounts propagated by savagery; it cuts the mind and causes an individual to become unfeeling to what exactly must be done to secure oneself and one’s assets in Harlem or any poor urban ghetto. Job of Women People of color in Harlem are the least on the command hierarchy so to talk and are treated as though they were items to claim or use.â Women are considered to just exist to satisfy men and men like Johnny, a pimp, treat ladies gravely so as to get what they want.â Claude’s own mom is vulnerable to control her child, basically ringing her hands and saying, â€Å"Boy, why you so bad?† (p 27).â For the situation of Sugar and Melvin, Sugar must advance up when her man concludes that he won't battle to make due in antagonistic Harlem yet essentially give upâ€she must interpretation of a progressively significant job in the relationship and lead the family unit. Medications Medications are another aftereffect of urban destitution in Harlem.â Drugs are a break, an opportunity to make a snappy buck.â Claude additionally said that medications became related with masculinity, â€Å"the youthful felines needed to consume medications since they used to tune in to the manner in which the addicts talked, with a drag in their voice† (p 261).â Many a person of color in Harlem got trapped in the snare of Heroine, believing that they were in charge and selling it, the medication assumed responsibility for them.â Pimp, Claude’s younger sibling, was simply such a character and Claude invested a ton of energy attempting to show his sibling this fair wasn’t the way. Religion Religion in Harlem beholds back to the spirituals of the South.â Charismatic chapel gatherings were held in old stores, lofts or any place there is space to be had. The ministers, for example, Mrs. Rogers, a jackleg minister, have no proper preparing yet lead their family and friends in a lesson and noisy petition meetings. Claude was doubtful of his involvement with Mrs. Roger’s church and for quite a long time later he recollected church as a spot where, â€Å" someone arranged a great deal of kitchen seats in a couple of columns, an evangelist did a ton of yelling about the Lord, individuals bouncing around until they got wrecked by the soul, and Mrs. Rogers put bowls of cash on a kitchen table and continued highlighting it and asking from more† (p. 27).â Claude accepts all through the book that religion is simply one more interruption, similar to a medication, to remove one’s psyche from the enduring of hard living. Dark Muslims in Harlem spoke to a little extraordinary type of confidence that managed the issues of the ghetto by turning the way of thinking of preference around with the goal that the individual of color was the prevalent race and the whites mediocre and as per Floyd Saks, â€Å"The opportunity has arrived for every single back man to ascend, gather as one and accomplish something for themselves† (p 319).â These Muslim’s urged blacks to â€Å"buy black† to better the dark economy.â Although Claude perceives the requirement for change in his locale he rapidly observes that Floyd’s confidence is just trading one abhor for another. Good examples The main good examples that urban youth in Harlem appeared to have were negative ones.â Those that buckled down didn't bring in enough cash to endure or live well.â Those that appeared to have enough cash and to have command over their life were the â€Å"street heroes† or the men who had the option to lie, cheat and take their living.â Claude was impacted by companions his own age, for example, Danny, who showed him how to take from sales registers and play hooky or Johnny who showed him how to hustle in the city. Claude thusly turned into a â€Å"street hero† and impacted his younger sibling Pimp who at that point wound up turning into a medication user.â The impact of kin was to such an extent that Pimp was relied upon to satisfy his brother’s intense notoriety so he must be a â€Å"bad nigger† and he needed to get in a tough situation as conceivable to make up for lost time to his brother’s long stretches of road experience.â Claude needs to pound a more seasoned kid for his sister Carole’s respect so as to protect his own just as hers. Claude finds a positive impact just in the â€Å"comforts† of the controlled jail where everything is obviously spread out with purpose.â Mr. Papanek and Mrs. Coen are the main two individuals in Claude’s life who decidedly affected his activities and helped him to understand that he was going no where doing likewise things that got him in a difficult situation previously and got other men in a difficult situation when him. Papanek continued telling individuals that, â€Å"Claude Brown will be a genuine success† and accordingly, Claude trusted it and got it going (p 167).â Doing something else had not happened to Claude before this or to other youth like him in light of the fact that there just weren’t any effective youthful people of color to be found. Reverend James was a positive good example in the Harlem people group that Claude tried to enable his sibling To pimp get off medications and to discover a track into college.â Claude regarded Reverend James since he was as intel

SWOT analysis on UK business 'What competition does Bubbleology face Essay

SWOT examination on UK business 'What rivalry does Bubbleology face in the Uk specialty drinks showcase ' - Essay Example I examined and analyzed various sources just as the site of the reference business to determine important data. My sources are applicable, state-of-the-art, definitive, and effective to address the opposition that Novosco face in the UK cloud advances, oversaw administration, and counseling market. Discoveries Novosco is an organization situated in Belfast U.K (ULSTER Business 2013, p. 1), which manages cloud innovations, oversaw administration, and counseling administrations. The organization has been in activity since 1994 and has recorded monstrous development and accomplishment throughout the years (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Subsequently, the organization has won significant acknowledgments in its activities like the Cisco Datacenter Partner of the Year and EMC Partner of the Year in 2012 dependent on the volume and gauge of work conveyed (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). In addition, the organization has been getting a charge out of predictable and tremendous financial development in the in novation business. Actually, Novosco got the Deloitte FAST50 grant in 2012 for the thirteenth back to back year for being the most progressive innovation organization in income development (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). The organization shows significant level of specialized capacity where it interest in conveyance and care staff (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Without a doubt, the organization suits constant preparing and affirmation in its tasks with a perspective on increasing ideal skill and getting most extreme accreditation on the innovations they prescribe to their clients (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Novosco practices with helping organizations to use the extraordinary parts of rising advancements for reasons for tending to business challenges in an increasingly productive and financially savvy way (Novosco 2013, p. 1). It gives one of a kind counseling ability and specialized help to association trying to augment the benefits of their interest in data advances. Remarkably, the organization work s under oversaw administration or key association contracts with its significant customers to understand its goals (Novosco 2013, p. 1). All things considered, it works together with the best equipment and programming organizations that manage cloud innovations, oversaw administration, and other innovation applications. The organization invests in offering assistance to their customers in the assessment of every potential arrangement that empowers them to structure and convey practical arrangements (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Its principle customers incorporate colleges, government divisions, and UK and Ireland wellbeing trusts (Weir 2013, p. 1) with Belfast Health and Social Care Trust being its biggest customer (Gosling 2012, p. 1). Novosco Competition among Cloud Technologies, Managed Service, and Consulting Companies Novosco is the main supplier of oversaw administrations and cloud based foundation in U.K (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Be that as it may, the organization faces monstrous rivalr y in various divisions including the triumphant of agreements. Novosco looks to enlist its administrations to the more extensive market and its executives realize that it will confront hardened rivalry from built up organizations (WEIR 2013, p. 1) like AJUBEO and CDNETWORKS. The opposition will be in the field of web availability, gracefully of distributed computing, move of information, adjusting

Child Education In India Education Essay

Instruction has kept on developing, broaden and augment its range and inclusion since the morning of mankind's history. Each state builds up its arrangement of guidance to show and advance its alone socio-social independence what's more to run into the difficulties of the occasions. There are minutes in history when another route must be given to an old fashioned system. That moment is today. The state has arrived at a stage in its monetary and capable improvement when a significant endeavor must be made to reason the maximal profit by the benefits previously made and to ensure that the products of change arrive at all developments. Training is the primary street with that in mind. Issues Prevelance of Child work: All non-school voyaging kids are kid laborers in a single signifier or the other. Farming child work establishes the core of the activity. Kid work approaches and guidance arrangements must be detailed and worked pair. Guardians do want to guide their children to be instructed and poverty as a restricting variable is amazingly over-evaluated. Inspiration and handiness of base rather than need are the cardinal elements. The paper underlines the qualities of formal guidance in wiping out youngster work and compellingly contends for a resolution law to gracefully for mandatory education.A The central proclamation against kid work and required guidance is that it is vital for the prosperity of the hapless as the region can't gracefully mitigation. The second proclamation, is that guidance would do the hapless not well arranged for the kind of manual work that is required to be finished. The third proclamation is that sure enterprises would be compelled to close down on the off chance that they did non hold the establishment of the low compensation kid work. The last proclamation against editing youngster work and executing required guidance is that the State ought to non be permitted to meddle in the guardians ‘ rights who realize what is best for their children and family units. Absence of Coverage: Despite the standard extension of the ICDS, the inclusion of children for ECCE is still every piece low as 20 for each centum. This is an issue of both inconsistent course and inconsistent nature of administration bringing. With ICDS go oning to be the main vehicle for ECCE, the GOI is recommending to spread out the administration further and universalise it inside the accompanying hardly any mature ages. While this is an invite proposition, the danger is of spread excursion too much quick and settling on quality. Young lady Child Education: The Indian specialists has communicated a solid committedness towards guidance for all ; by the by, India despite everything has one of the most minimal female proficiency rates in Asia. In 1991, under 40 for every centum of the 330 million grown-up females matured 7 and over were proficient, which implies today there are more than 200 million ignorant grown-up females in India. Laws Associating to Child Education in IndiaConstitutional spot of guidance in IndiaWhile sing the varying features of guidance regarding territory obligation, legal readings, given to this obligation by grouped legitimate specialists are the essential start of larning. In old fashioned occasions, guidance was fundamentally a demonstration of noble cause or charitable blessing. At that point, it was thought of as a ‘occupation ‘ . Legal proclamation ventured to such an extreme as to consider it to be a ‘industry ‘ . Regardless of whether or non to fathom guidance as a cardinal right or non has been bantered for a long clasp. The constitution and the removal of an instructive foundation for the transport of cognizance to understudies is a business, secured by Article 19 ( 1 ) ( g ) and to boot by Article 26 ( a ) , if there is no part of overall gain coevals. Giving guidance has come to be an office of help for certain experts. It is considered as a strategic l ife for certain humanitarians. â€Å" Education † was a State Subject in position of the undermentioned Entry 11, put in List II State List: †â€Å" 11. Training including colleges, competent to the commissariats of passages 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I and section 25 of List III. † By the Constitution ( 42nd Amendment ) Act 1976, the above-said Entry was coordinated to be erased and on the other hand Entry 25 in List III Concurrent List, was coordinated to be suitably revised in order to peruse as under: †â€Å" 25. Training, including capable guidance, clinical guidance and colleges, able to the commissariats of passages 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I ; professional and capable planning of work † The Constitution of India has laid an order before the territory to do a stipulation of free and obligatory guidance for kids underneath the age of 14 mature ages. 45. Arrangement for nothing and obligatory guidance for kids: The State will try to flexibly, inside a time of 10 mature ages from the earliest starting point of this Constitution, for nothing and compulsory guidance for all children until they complete the age of 14 mature ages. Be that as it may, the specialists has non been effective in providing equivalent establishments of guidance for the under advantaged kids, situated in the provincial nations. The Supreme Court in the occasion Unnikrishnan versus Province of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) decided that the privilege to guidance is a cardinal right that streams from the privilege to life in Article 21 of the Constitution. Following this sentiment, the 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2002 included Article 21A, saying, â€Å" The State will flexibly free and obligatory guidance to all children of the age of six to fourteen mature ages in such mode as the State may, by statute, decide. † The 86th Amendment other than altered Article 45, which currently peruses â€Å" The State will try to flexibly youth consideration and guidance for all children until they complete the age of 6 mature ages. † The area late authorized the Right to Education Act, looking to result the 86th Constitutional amendmentJudiciary and EducationIn the judgment of Unnikrishnan, a Constitution Bench of this Court confined a procedure that administers inductions to proficient schools. The main point was to ensure that uprightness wins in the undertaking of permissions, both in respect of what were called â€Å" free seats † each piece great as in respect of â€Å" installment seats. † This judgment was rendered on February 4, 1993. The procedure was to be viable from the Academic Year 1993-94 onwards. Audit Petitions were recorded by a few foundations against the said judgment. They were excused by the Constitution Bench. The judgment of P.A. Inamdar and others versus Province of Maharashtra was a milestone in the field of instructive statute. Law contemplates are full with sentiments identified with the guidance in its few features. Until the T.M.A Pai Foundation example, there were four oft-cited prima cases refering the field of guidance, viz. , ( I ) Unni Krishnan v. Territory of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) 1 SCC 645 ( two ) St. Stephen ‘s College v. College of Delhi ( 1992 ) 1 SCC 558 ( three ) Ahmedabad St. Xavier ‘s College Society v. Province of Gujarat ( 1974 ) 1 SCC 717 and ( four ) Rhenium: Kerala Education Bill, 1957, ( 1958 ) SCR 995.Right to Education ActThe Right to Education Act looks to offer outcome to the 86th Amendment of the Constitution of India. Remarkable commissariats: The State will ensure a school in each region Each school will adjust to certain negligible rules, characterized in the Bill Government schools will gracefully free guidance to all conceded kids Private schools will recognize at any rate 25 % of children from more vulnerable regions ; no expense will be charged to these children Screening preliminaries at the clasp of induction and capitation charges are restricted for all children Government schools will be overseen by School Management The National Commission for Elementary Education will be comprised to administer all aspects of basic guidance including quality.The Right to Education Act recommends the Rights of Every Child as follows:Every kid between the age of 6 and 14 mature ages has the option to full-time free and required guidance in a local school. Non-enlisted kids, old enough gathering 7-9 mature ages, reserve the privilege to be conceded during a time fitting class inside one twelvemonth of the start of the Act, and children, old enough gathering 9-14 mature ages, reserve the option to be given specific projects that will empower them to go to such class inside three mature ages. Kids with awful or significant disablement, who can't go to a local school, reserve the privilege to be given guidance in a fitting domain. A child can non be kept down in any class or ousted from a school rock mud Class VIII. Any discharge requires a request for the School Management Committee ( SMC ) , which will be given simply after all other disciplinary advances have been depleted, and guardians/gatekeepers have been heard. The nearby approval will take stairss to engrave such a child in another area school.The Act other than endorses the obligation of the State as follows:The State will ensure handiness of a local school for each child inside three mature ages. In occurrence of non-accessibility, free movement or free private establishments will be given. The state/UT specialists will locate each twelvemonth the interest of schools, establishments, and their areas ; set up additional schools as required ; send teachers and make establishments for their planning. The State will build up an instrument to direct enlistment, commitment and accomplishment position of each child, and take disciplinary stairss wheresoever required. Data in this regard will be made accessible in the open circle, remembering for a web based balance. School Admissions No school can continue any screening procedure of any child or guardians at the clasp of induction. Youngsters will be chosen for induction in an irregular mode. Capitation expenses are prohibited.Commissariats refering Sch

The Awful Secret of Persuasive Speech Template

The Awful Secret of Persuasive Speech Template Getting the Best Persuasive Speech Template Ladies and gentlemen the persuasive of life is easily the most incredible gift anybody may give. Men and women that are skilled and have mastered the art of earning different persuasive speech topics sound attractive and convincing as they can influence people with the direction they want. Most people have not mastered how to compose their speeches properly because they don't understand the way to use words well. The very best thing about speech is that anybody can make it. Possessing the capacity to offer compelling and persuasive speeches looks like a pure present. Tell your audience precisely what to do. You will receive exclusive texts, which will be concluded in time. You will receive exceptional texts, which will be concluded in time. You can't just offer a plain and easy start a speech once your purpose is to let them understand and believe every word you say. Among the crucial elements of a thriving persuasive speech doesn't be based on the outline you decide to follow. There are several different alternatives to commence a prosperous persuasive speech. There exist a number of different choices for beginning a prosperous persuasive speech. At the vital stage of your speech, you are going to provide a solution. Now you provide a solution. A template will remind you of the situations that you should concentrate on your speech. Once you have finished designing the template, it is very important to save it like a Word template so that you may use it later on. A speech template will permit you to sequence information effectively. It can prevent you from rambling. You may generate a similar selection of essay regardless of what type the quetion requires. As a consequence, it can be generally suggested to try to do a satisfactory study before deciding upon a particular assistance. In reality, you will be in a position to fulfill while using the author on line and chat about your research. In truth, it is possible to satisfy with all the author on line and concentrate on your research. Allocating a time limit for the key sections of your speech is a great way to keep on sample schedule. In excess of the period in your tutorial job, you're likely to be asked for to compose plenty of essays and papers on several subject areas, based on the education routine. Fast food needs to be taxed. Keeping to the speed limit may also help the surroundings. Normally, it's really simple to discover fully free essay, but there exists yet another dilemma for receiving the essay, which you definitely need to have. The principal idea of someone's complete essay will likely be your thesis assertion. The precise same is ideal for the best essay writers. Truthfully, careful planning is required to have a wonderful speech. New Questions About Persuasive Speech Template Above the duration of the tutorial occupation, you are going to be asked for to compose a great deal of essays and papers on several different subjects, based on the coaching routine. Just because of the fact the re are several alternate alternatives for what to put in writing about, additionally, you'll discover distinctive means of approaching an audio essay. Over the duration of your respective educational occupation, you may be asked for to compose a good deal of papers and essays on several subject areas, based on the teaching computer software. Over the period of a person's educational profession, you're going to be asked for to compose tons of papers and essays on numerous subject areas, based on the teaching system. Oral presentation topics must be dealt with properly to attain a desirable outcome. An essay may have a lot of intentions, although the simple composition of all form of essays will probably be similar. It can have lots of intentions, though the elementary construction of all form of essays will likely be very same. A good example essay will ensure it is feasible to analyze essay structure and outlines along with writing and reference stylethere are certain things which make a persuasive essay.

Obesity in the United States and The Importance of Exercis

In the United States, obesity is currently one of the largest issues in our society. Sugary sodas, fatty foods, and lack of exercise are the main causes of this issue. Not only does obesity affect adults, but it affects young children as well. In 2012, it was reported that two-thirds of adults in the United States are considered overweight or obese. It was also reported that 31.8% of children and teenagers in the United States are considered overweight or obese as well. Young children are naturally attracted to foods high in sugar, calories, and sodium, but many parents fail to moderate their child’s intake of these potentially harmful items. Generally, a person’s eating habits begin to develop at a young age. If children are taught to eat healthy foods, it will most likely be a lifestyle they will maintain for the rest of their lives. Sometimes this can be a very difficult task, but teaching children to exercise can make it much easier. Many people in the United State s do not take the time to partake in physical activity because they simply do not have the time or do not feel it is necessary. Although this is a common belief, exercise is extremely beneficial to the human body in a variety of ways and this essay will further explain how. Exercise falls into four different categories. The first category is endurance/aerobic exercises. Endurance exercises such as running and swimming involve the repetitive movement of large muscles in the body in order to increase the

The Philosophy Of Mind And The Body - 1646 Words

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He introduced new theories about the mind and the body that, while not always correct, undoubtedly changed peoples’ views and sparked a whole new approach to looking at the mind. There is one thing Descartes knew forRead MoreEssay about Monism vs Dualism1001 Words   |  5 Pagesviews of the human person. Philosophers have been trying to decipher whether the person is made up of the mind, the body, or both. Monists hold the belief that existence is purely based upon one ultimate â€Å"category of being† this means that either the person is made up of only the body or only the mind (Morris p155). Dualists hold the belief that existence is based upon the body as well as the mind and its mental properties (Morris p155). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two basic types of monism

Frederic Chopin Essay Example For Students

Frederic Chopin Essay Was known to dress in mens clothing and smoke in public like men Mazurka as a genre A Polish folk dance in triple meter (first beat gets the emphasis) O But in the Mazurka its the second beat that gets the emphasis Traditionally danced to (Chopping werent danced to in the beginning) Chopin composed 69 Mazurka, 59 are published Political implications Mazurka in a-flat, pop. L no. 7 Texture O Homophobic (melody accompaniment) Melody (ABA(BAA)CA(CA)) similar to Rondo form O A stepwise upward motion, all conjunct O B undulating motion (up and down) O C downward motion, the accompaniment is drone bass. Rhythm O Rubout robbed time means the performer will take some extra time in some spot and catch up in some other part. Passionate and direct music. German composer and a conductor O Made a living from conducting for quite a while Highly controversial fugue O Anti-Semitic O Left wing radical Ended up having to flee to Switzerland because of arrest warrant Financial difficulties always fleeing from creditors Music AAA Frederic Chopin By Arabian_456 O B- undulating motion (up and down) S Helped support him and to pay off some of his debt 1876 and large opera house (Effectiveness) was built for Wagers operas in Bayreuth, Bavaria Lots of affairs married twice and his 2nd wife, Cosmic, 26 years younger than him Composed more than dozen operas His music elicits strong reactions. You either hate him or love him as a figure and a composer Moved to Latvia, to work as a conductor. Munich under the patronage of Ludwig Died in Venice in 1883 in Italy. The Ring Cycle Comprised of 4 operas O The Rhine Gold O The Valerie O Siegfried O Twilight of the Gods All in German Libretti by Wagner, based on old Germanic legends O Gods, heroes and mythical creatures who fight over this magical ring that grants domination over the entire world. Didnt write the 4 operas in order but thats the order he prefers Monumental work over 15 hours to perform Worked on opera cycle over several decades The Lord of the Rings Similarities between LOTT and Ring cycle Each cycle consists of 4 works prequel and 3 main ones Both cycle begin in a state of innocence that is corrupted and then ultimately stored. Plot center on efforts to own and control the ring Ring hold great power but also brings on grief Giants, Dragons The Valerie, Act Ill Whatnots Farewell Best known for the beginning of Act Ill, The Ride of the Valerie Characters O Watson chief of the god O Brainchild his daughter; a warrior-like Valerie S Valhalla Actions Verdi vs.. Wagner Verdi Virtuosic vocal writing (Melissa) Wager The singer and the orchestra integrated; equal parts Syllabic vocal writing; very little text repetition O Wanted them to be more inherently dramatic O Like real life O Music dramas Wanted to be more faithful to the drama (Wagner described his operas as music dramas What happened on the stage is tangible reflection of what is going on in the music Gauntnesss O Sesame total, Skunks work of, were art O The orchestra needs to match the costumes, the costumes need to match the scene. O Integrating all of the parts into a whole Wagers term. O Leitmotif guiding motif A brief musical phrase associated with some person, event or idea in the drama Transformed depending in situation sad, happy, tragic

Human impacts on the hydrology of the Mekong River

Dick Cheneys Bush-Era National Security Speech at AEI essay

Dick Cheneys Bush-Era National Security Speech at AEI essay Dick Cheneys Bush-Era National Security Speech at AEI essay Dick Cheneys Bush-Era National Security Speech at AEI essayHistorically, the foreign policy tradition in the US was determined by domestic policies. What is meant here is the fact that the foreign policy of the US was driven by domestic policies and interests of the US. For instance, the development of close economic and political relations of the US on the dawn of its independence with France, Spain and the Netherlands was determined by the urgent need of the US to enhance its independence of Great Britain.In the course of time, the foreign policy traditions of the US evolved and changed consistently. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the early 20th century and its first half were marked by the isolationist foreign policy of the US but, by the mid-20th century, the role of the US as one of the major world powers became obvious, while its involvement in World War II contributed to the rise of the US as the leading superpower, whose position could be challenged by th e USSR only until its downfall in 1991.The more recent history of the US reveals the devotion of Americans to their traditional foreign policy with the priority of their domestic policy and national interests over international relations. This is why by the end of the 20th – early 21st century, the US focused its foreign policies on the maintenance of the national security and protection of the US economic interests. Even the status of the only superpower of the world did not change the foreign policy of the US much because foreign policies of the US were driven by concerns of national interests of the US mainly.At the same time, the post-9/11 era marked the shift in the foreign policy to the excessive use of the US military power abroad. At first, such policy was justified by the national security concerns because the threat of international terrorism and the use of the weapon of mass destruction by outcast-states encouraged Americans to support foreign policies conducted by the Bush administration. However, eventually, the US population has grown dissatisfied with foreign policies of the US because of the alienation of American traditions in the foreign policy of the US. The US population has grown dissatisfied because foreign policies have become prior to domestic ones consuming hugging financial, material and human resources, whereas military operations conducted by the US in Afghanistan and Iraq were perceived by many Americans as pointless. Moreover, such practices as the establishment of the prison for international terrorists and prisoners war in Guantanamo, Cuba, where human rights of inmates were neglected an tortures were applied widely, raised the dissatisfaction of the public with foreign policies.This is why Barak Obama’s coming to power became the new stage in the development foreign policies of the US and many Americans expected the promised return to the traditional foreign policy of the US. In response to emerging criticism of t he US foreign policy, Obama attempted to shut down the prison in Guantanamo but confronted the severe opposition from the part of the Congress because many senators believed Guantanamo to be essential for the struggle against international terrorism, although the main advantage of the Guantanamo detention camp was the possibility of neglecting legal procedures and norms which were essential in the US. Nevertheless, Obama has demonstrated his eager support of the full shut down of Guantanamo as illegal   entity, where human rights are violate that contradict to American norms and traditions.However, as Dick Cheney justly remarks () the Guantanamo detention camp does not really contradict to foreign policy traditions of the US because traditionally the US paid little attention to the violation of human rights of citizens abroad as long as interests and rights of Americans were not under a threat. For instance, the US could undertake sanctions or counter action in response to the thr eat of interests or rights of some American citizens. Therefore, if Guantanamo detention camp does not violate rights of Americans and helps to protect the US from international terrorists than the US could reasonably maintain Guantanamo in terms of its traditional foreign policy. In this regard, Barak Obama may misinterpret in a way foreign policy traditions of the US as he claims to return the US to its traditions and values. for instance, the US did not interfere in World War I and World War II, until the US citizens suffered from the attack of Germany and Japan respectively.As for the Obama administration policy in relation to Iraq and Afghanistan, they are also not so perfect in regard to American foreign policy traditions as the US President wants them to be. On the one hand, the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq and Afghanistan is welcomed by a large part of the society. On the other hand, the withdrawal of America troops may and does evoke criticism of the US foreign p olicy because such decisions are viewed as the manifestation of the US weakness, while the US has already accustomed to play the leading part in international relations and policies of the US determine, to a significant extent, intentional politics and relations. Therefore, Obama’s decision to withdraw American troops match American foreign policy traditions in terms of the protection of Americans since the further location of American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan would have increased the number of casualties among American soldiers. On the other hand, the US should maintain its reputation as the dominant superpower that can keep the situation under control and can use its military to protect national interests of the US.At this point, it is also necessary to take into consideration the fact that the deployment of the US military is the ultimate but effective tool used by the US in its foreign policy. Obama prefers not to deploy the US military abroad and use diplomacy or e conomic pressure to protection national interests of the US. However, Iraq and Afghanistan play an important part in the maintenance of the US control over strategically important region, the Middle East which is the major supplier of oil to the US. In such a situation, the decision of Obama to withdraw the US troops from Iraq and Afghanistan seems to match American foreign policies, in a way, protecting the life and health of the US citizens. On the other hand, such policy of the US raises the problem of the failure of the US to protect its national economic interests because if the Middle East goes out of control of the US, the US may face considerable economic problems, in case of the anti-American political or military force coming into power in Iraq or Afghanistan or in case of the enhancement of Iran in the region. In such a situation, the desirable respect to traditions of the US foreign policies conducted by Obama is quite controversial since efforts of Obama to meet traditi ons of the US foreign policies raise the problem of the emerging new threats to the dominant position of the US in the world. In such a situation, the US foreign policies face considerable problems, while Obama’s efforts to return to traditional foreign policies are not as successful as they were planned to be.Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the development of current foreign policies aim at meeting the US national interests and traditional foreign policies of the US. Obama has declared the focus on respect to the traditional American values and return of the foreign policy to the framework of American traditions. However, today, the US cannot implement fully its foreign policies traditions because the policy of isolationism is hardly applicable to the contemporary foreign policies because the US face considerable problems since the refusal from the development of large scale foreign policies, including militar y operations of the US abroad may put under a threat national interests of the US. If the US weakens its position in the Persian Gulf region, the economic interests of the US may be under a threat. In such a situation, the US foreign policy should maintain its traditions and meet its national interests.

MGT 511 Adv. Topics in Human Res. Mgmt. HR OUTSOURCING CASE 2 Essay - 1

MGT 511 Adv. Topics in Human Res. Mgmt. HR OUTSOURCING CASE 2 - Essay Example e in order to ensure that the employees are satisfied and productive it is crucial to develop a special department which can lead to high costs (Friedman). Hence in order to meet these needs as well as to ensure that the company can find a less expensive solution for the same, it is best to outsource the human resources functions so that a third party manages all the human resource functions. There is a wide range of services that human resource outsourcing firms provide, however there are a number of firms which also specialize in recruitment and pay rolls alone (Ulrich, Brockbank and Younger). The need for outsourcing of human resource for a business is mainly dependent on the size of the business and also the level of control that the firm wishes to maintain. It is important to note here that outsourcing of human resource activities can prove to be very beneficial to companies as outsourcing allows companies to send out both time consuming as well as expensive processes like training, recruitment, and also benefits administrations (What Is HR Outsourcing?). There are a number of benefits of using outsourcing of the human resource functions as well. Companies tend to benefit in terms of the costs as human resource functions generally involve very high profile and complex functions like recruitment, training and development, retention and also database management which involves not only high variable costs but also high fixed costs. Hence when a company outsources the human resource tasks to other companies, there is a major cut in costs for the company (Stopper). Human resource outsourcing plays a major role in the overall satisfaction of the employees as well as allows companies to cut costs more effectively. With the intense competition that companies now tend to face, strategies like human resource outsourcing are major cost cutting moves and also prove to be beneficial in bettered productivity as well. There are several non value adding processes in human

Feminism Blog Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feminism Blog Analysis - Essay Example The main similarity between the two sites chosen for analysis is the responsibility they take on themselves in regard to what they are writing about. In particular, the content of the blogs suggests that both sites consider treating everyone with equal respect important; also, protecting women and standing up against sexism is in the focus. In a narrower sense, the two sites both agree that women’s reproductive rights should not be restricted. They argue that women should have the ability to choose whether, how, and when they have or not have children. The sites also highlight the idea that women’s reproductive rights are affected at different levels, such as economy, medicine, education, criminal justice, government, community, and others. The use of social media has played a significant role in the modern feminist movement as well as in how it is perceived in the society. In fact, social media gives young women an opportunity to use their voices in a larger audience. Social media makes feminist activism more democratic, which means that anyone can participate in it. It removes geographical barriers and, thus, makes it possible for millions to unite as it facilitates public dialogues independent of the participants’ location. One of the examples of the co-called networked feminism is the wide use of hashtags that gives the possibility to groups messages on the issue and, consequently, to make it easier to get the information and check the messages which include it.

Category Analysis of Sports and Energy Drinks In Hong Kong Essay Example for Free

Category Analysis of Sports and Energy Drinks In Hong Kong Essay Introduction Our company, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd, is planning for a product strategy to its product: Pocari Sweat. Pocari Sweat is a grapefruit-tasting, non-carbonated sweet beverage and is advertised as an â€Å"ion supply drink†. It is designed to increase endurance, replace electrolyte loss or prevent dehydration when exercising for long periods of time. Pocari Sweat is well-recognized by the local people, especially to the athletes. Category Attractiveness Analysis Category Factor The product category we defined is the Sports and Energy Drinks. We gained the first mover advantage when the product was launched at 1980, which we are the market leader which has a off-trade volume of brand share of 43. 8% in 2012 (see Appendix Table 6). The threat of new entrants in this category is low due to the intensive competition, and there is low pressure from substitutes as sports and energy drinks are specialized products. The bargaining power of suppliers is low while the bargaining power of buyers is high. The competition in current market is highly intensive. Details can be referred to the analysis on Category Factors on Attractiveness in Appendix. Overall, this category is still attractive. Aggregate Factor The product life cycle of Sports and Energy Drinks is more likely in mature stage. From the historical figures of whole beverage market, the market size of Sports and Energy Drinks is relatively small. The market growth of off-trade sales volume of this category is increasing constantly by 5. 4% from 2007 to 2012. It will grow constantly in the future by 5% of each year. Since Sports and Energy Drinks are daily commodities for those people after exercising, the sales cyclicity and seasonality is low, as well as the profit variability. Profit level of the market is high. Overall, this category is attractive. Environmental Factor Due to the rise of childhood obesity and the increasing number of cases of cancer, diabetes and heart disease, there are an increasing number of initiatives by both government and non-governmental organizations to promote healthy living and a more balanced lifestyle. The consumer awareness of doing exercises increases and consumers become more willing to engage in sports to keep fit and relieve the stress of their work. Also, there are an increasing number of participations in sports event. Each year, the number of registration of Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon increases gradually. Other sports events such as Nike Night Run, New World Harbour Race, and charity runs are also well supported by the local residents. These led to increased consumer awareness of the benefits of sports drinks, result in the increase of purchasing of sports drinks. Competitor Analysis Level of competitions Level of competitions can be divided into Sports Drinks, Sports and Energy Drinks, Beverages and Food. Since the sales volume of Sports Drinks is contributed to 80% (Appendix Table 1) of sales in the Sports and Energy Drinks category, analysis of competition would be focus on the Sports Drinks only. Based on the perceptual map analysis, the closest competitor to Pocari Sweat is Aquarius. Both Pocari Sweat and Aquarius are ion supply drinks with a grapefruit-liked flavour. Aquarius tastes a bit lighter than Pocari Sweat. For Lucozade and Gatorade, the brand images of both are more professional for athletes, with stronger taste in different flavours. Aquarius would be the main competitor for further analysis. In terms of the brand shares of Sports Drinks, Lucozade would also be a main competitor of Pocari Sweat. GlaxoSmithKline, the company of the brand Lucozade, stated that strengthening core business is their strategic concern on 2012. The company objective is having growth in the Sports Drinks market, and they set up a new innovation centre in mainland China. Aquarius, which is a sport drink launched in 2011 by Coca-Cola Company, is highly involved in many race events in Hong Kong. Although there are no Aquarius advertisements in Hong Kong, you can find Aquarius as sponsored sports drinks in local events such as Standard Chartered Marathon Hong Kong. Maintaining growth in the market is also the main objective of Coca-Cola Company in Aquarius. Although Aquarius is a new entrant to the market since 2011, it has about 5% of volume brand shares in the market in two years. With the financial background and the brand image of Coca-Cola Company, it raises the brand awareness of Aquarius by keep involving in the public event, in order to attract the sportsmen to buy their products. Aquarius would be the main competitor in the field of isotonic rehydration sports drink. Conclusion. The Sports and Energy Drinks market is attractive, as the market size is constantly growing, the threat of new entrant is low, the pressure from substitutes is low and the profit variability is low. With the continuous sports and healthy lifestyle promotions by both government and non-government organizations, they will boost up the sales of Sports and Energy Drinks. In the Sports Drinks market, Pocari Sweat is the market leader with 43. 8% of brand shares of total in volume. People prefer buying Pocari Sweat for recovery after exercising comparing with other related products. Aquarius is the closest competitor related to our product. Still, the company has to maintain the brand loyalty and attract more customers by marketing and advertising. Recommendation The company can put more resources on advertising and also target a new market segment: manual labours. Manual labours need to replace electrolyte loss and prevent dehydration while working, especially in the hot seasons. Pocari Sweat would be the best choice for them. Also, the company can invest more on RD to develop a new product which is best suited for the new market segment. Words counted: 934. Reference Euromonitor International 2013, Sports and Energy Drinks in Hong Kong, China, Passport. Euromonitor International 2013, Bottled Water in Hong Kong, China, Passport. Euromonitor International 2013, Carbonates in Hong Kong, China, Passport. Euromonitor International 2012, Consumer Lifestyles in Hong Kong, China, Passport Annual Report 2012, Otsuka Holdings Co. , Ltd. Annual Report 2012, GlaxoSmithKline plc. Annual Report 2012, Swire Pacific Ltd. Supermarket Price Watch. [Online]. Consumer Council. Available: http://www3. consumer. org. hk/pricewatch/supermarket/index. php? filter1=027filter2=006lang=en Erik, P. Sports drinks vs. energy drinks. [Online]. Available: http://www. examiner. com/article/sports-drinks-vs-energy-drinks-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly Appendix Category Factors on Attractiveness Reasons Attractiveness Low Threat of new entrants Current market is competed intensively, and the new entrants are hardly survived in this environment. The capital requirement is high as special formula for sports drinks needs to be developed. High High Bargaining Power of buyers The major buyers are supermarkets (61. 4%) and convenience stores (35%), which they have a higher bargaining power when purchasing a large amount of products. (Appendix Table 3) Low Low Bargaining Power of suppliers The ingredients of the Sports and Energy Drinks can be purchased from different suppliers. The switching cost to other suppliers is low. High High Intensity of Rivalry There are 9 major brands in the current market. (Appendix Table 6) The competition is highly intensive. Low Low Pressure from substitutes Other carbonate drinks or juices do not have the same benefits as sports and energy drinks on performance and recovery during exercising. Bottled water would be the main substitutes of Sports and Energy Drinks. High. Attractiveness of Market Variables Reasons Attractiveness Small Market size Compare with other drinks, the market size of Sports and Energy Drinks is relatively small, only has an off-trade sale volume of 20. 3 million litres in 2012. (Appendix Table 2) Low Constant Market growth Market growth of sales volume increased by about 5. 4% each year from 2007 to 2012, the forecast growth rate of the market is also positive. (Appendix Table 4 5) The market is growing constantly. High Low Sales cyclicity Sports and exercising are daily activities across the year. High Low Sales seasonality. Sports and exercising are daily activities across the year. High Profit level With the benefit of economic of scales and mass production, the profit level is high for Pocari Sweat. High Low Profit variability Sports and exercising are daily activities across the year. High Product Life Cycle Stage Reasons Maturity There are lots of competitors in the Sports and Energy Drinks market. The pricing of the Sports and Energy Drinks is stable among this few years, ranged from $9. 5 – 13. 9, which means that the price is at the edge related to the material costs. (Appendix Table 7) Also, the volume growth of category is about 5. 4% in each year from 2007-2012, which is low to moderate growth of the market. The forecast volume growth of the category has 5% which is quite considerable. Level of competitions Product Form Sports Drinks: Pocari Sweat, Aquarius, Lucozade Sport, Gatorade, Drinkazine Energy Watt and other related â€Å"ion supply drinks† Product Category Sports and Energy Drinks: Including the energy drinks, such as Lucozade Energy, Monster Energy, Red Bull, Libogen Tonic Drink Generic Competition Beverages: Carbonated soft drinks, bottled water, beers, juices, etc. Budget Competition All consumer products with similar price. Current Future Company Strategy Matrix on Sports Drinks Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. , Ltd GlaxoSmithKline Coca-Cola Company Objectives Grow market share and volume Grow market share and volume Grow market share and volume Current Strategies Advertising and promotion of products. Products expanding in multiple segments of category. Products launching and increased advertising spend. Expected future strategies Focus on product development, increased advertising and promotions. Focus on brand extensions with new flavours to fill category. Focus on raising brand awareness through local sports events.

Demetrius in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay -- Midsumme

The Importance of Demetrius  in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night's Dream The character, Demetrius, in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night's Dream, is very difficult to identify except by his relation to the one he loves, or, more particularly, to the one who loves him. Helena's ridiculous chasing after him and his irritation with her are the primary marks of his character. While in this state, he even begins to threaten Helena with bodily harm, coming off as not quite the gracious courtly lover he truly means to be. It's simple to discover his unchivalrous character by how easily his eye was distracted from Helena by Hermia in the beginning. He could be a gentle, loving man if he truly desired, but he takes satisfaction being put in his place by others. In the end, still under the spell of fairy magic and therefore not seeing with true eyes, he seems a bit imbecilic laughing at the acted "lovers" in the play. He doesn't realize it, but he is in a play of his own. Likewise, as with the other characters, what happens to him is far more interesting than t he sort of character he is.   Shakespeare portrays the character, Demetrius, throughout the play as lacking self-confidence, rude, violent, lacking individuality and unromantic. Since Demetrius only has two lines throughout the entire first act, it shows that he can't stand up for himself, likewise, this lack of speech displays his lack of self-confidence and image: â€Å"Relent, sweet Hermia, and, Lysander, yield Thy crazed title to my certain right† (Demetrius, 1.1.93-94). Demetrius believes that since he has Egeus' approval, that Hermia should relinquish to him and states that Lysander is going against his privilege.   Demetrius takes advantage of his stature by claiming Hermia as a r... ...nsformation are all experienced by Demetrius to a great extent, especially with his lovers and enemies. His vile, yet sensitive personality really kept the reader examining what he could change into next, which seems as if they were more than just a single character. Demetrius, as a character, is essential to the play, for a backbone and plot. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When quoting, you need to use quotation marks around the quotes unless you are separating the quote from you text by indenting each line.   Also, the final punctuation should come not inside the quotation marks but after the parentheses.   If you are using other sources it is very important that you put in parentheses the name of the author and the page number on which the quote can be found.   Also, if you are using other sources you should really, truly use a works cited so that others can find that same source.   

Cognitive Studies as the Direction of Modern Linguistics

COGNITIVE STUDIES AS THE DIRECTION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS At the end of the 20th century linguistics applied to anthropocentric paradigm of knowledge including among other things presentation about the human factor in the language [4, 2001:15]. The cognitive linguistics is the study of how the person operates the symbols, while coming to understanding the world and themselves in the world, the subject matter of which is the human mind, the thinking and the mental processes and conditions [11, 2005: 8]. The processes associated with knowledge and information are called cognitive ones.Their synonyms are also words  «intellectual »,  «mental »,  «and rational ». Cognitive aspect is the basic concept of cognitive linguistics. It is obvious that in the complex of human sciences the relations between language and other human activities are closely interwoven with each other. Languages give cognitive scientists the key to understand human behavior even in the greater degree, than the culture and society [6, 1997:21]. In the 70-80th of the last century mainly lexico-grammatical and thematic groups of words were studied for identifying general and specific characteristics in a lexical system of language.Today the cognitive research is aimed at expansion of the Humanities [2, 2005: 28]. It is the question of great importance for scientists to find out the very existence of the words in the mental lexicon of individuals. Scientists consider the word to be a unit of knowledge, phenomenon or process meant by it, and also the knowledge of unit position in the system of language, where it is associated with other units of the same system [6, 1997: 306-307]. There are many definitions of concepts, as the term  «concept » is currently one of the most popular in a Russian science.It is not only about linguistics, the concept is used in perceptual and cognitive psychology, and lingvo-cultural science, sociology, and many other sciences. The concept is a multifacete d term, that can be considered as the storage of cultural values, and as a unit which the background for the perspective is the cultural environment surrounding the person. According to Professor V. A. Maslova there are 3 approaches to the concept’s definition: 1. The first approach pays great attention to cultural aspect – when the entire culture is understood as a set of concepts and relations between them.Concepts are like clots of cultural environment in the person’s consciousness. 2. The second approach defines the semantics of linguistic sign as the only means of concept formation. 3. Representatives of the third approach believe the concept to be a combination of word meanings from personal, and national person experience, i. e. the concept is the mediator between words and reality. Concepts are universal [11, 2005: 32]. E. S. Kubryakova considers concept as the operational memory unit, mental lexicon, the conceptual system and the language of brain, the whole picture of the world, the quantum of knowledge [7, 1996: 90].Structure of the concept, according to Pr. Stepanov consists of 3 layers: basic sign, optional and inner form, usually not realized. The structure of the concept can be represented in the circle form, in the center of which lies the main concept, the core of concept, and on the periphery is everything that are brought by culture, traditions, national, and personal experience [11, 2005:42]. Each concept includes evaluation, personal attitude towards an object. The same concepts can cause various associations in the different recipients [3, 2006: 24].Cognitive linguistics is aimed at modeling the picture of the world. The concept itself is an element of the picture of the world, when the picture of the world is one of fundamental notions; it is a model of the world, which is formed as the result of human interaction [11, 2005:47]. Concepts can be classified according to different grounds. They can form emotional, educa tional, and other conceptual spheres. Concepts of objects and movements with the concepts of space are included in the list of  «primary » concepts defining conceptual system of the human being.Space is one of the main forms of categories of existence, reflecting the extent, the position, and the location of objects in a world continuum. As a consequence, the space belongs to the basic categories of thinking, and causes strong interest for scientists. The movement is a form of life and the factor of human development. The concept of movement – is a complex phenomenon, and is associated with the characteristics like the starting point of movement, the last point of movement, way of movement, the environment in which the action takes place, its orientation, move pace, and character of action [8, 2004: 10].Identifying the sources of phraseological unit’s origin we share the opinion of N. N. Amosova, who considers it to be the speech situation in which the original wor d is used in a phraseological meaning [1, 1963:65]. Each phrasal unit initially was the individual's formation, and at first was used in a single context. The verbal complex is to pass several stages before becoming a phraseological unit. Potential phrasal unit is a speech phenomenon. When words complex are used in countless contexts, they gradually acquire elements of stability, and form phrases.Actually it is impossible to ascertain the  «forthcoming » of phrases [10, 1996: 158]. We can assume that each word being born in someone's speech gets new meanings in the course of its further usage. The important feature of obtaining new values is the degree of abstraction [13, 2001: 67]. A. M. Melerovich points out abstraction from lexical and grammatical meanings. She distinguishes four levels of abstraction: highest, high, medium, and low one. 1. The highest level of abstraction is observed in phraseological fusions, and in phraseological intensifiers. These phrases are completely abstracted from the literal meanings. . At the high level of abstraction phrasal units have all kinds of abstraction except grammatical one. 3. The average level of abstraction is observed in phrases with partially rethought meanings, i. e. , where one component is used literally, and the other one is used in figurative sense. 4. The low level of abstraction is characterized by the fact that all components are used in the literal senses. The structure of abstraction in this case is so-called  «colorless abstraction » [14, 1959:171]. Thus, the phraseology reflects complex of culture and psychology of the people; it is a unique method of thinking.However, for each language the selection of priority word’s meanings depends on cultural development. Presence of a certain motivation,  «which is directly linked with people’s outlook » proves that idioms have cultural and ethnic connotation. The study of phrases gives the key to understanding of language picture of the world [16, 1996: 214] Literature 1. Amosova N. N. The basics of English phraseology/L. , 1963 2. Karasik V. I. Ethnospecific concepts. Other mentality/Moscow, 2005. 3. Kamishnikov ?. ?. Conceptual sphere/Taganrog, 2006. 4. Kravchenko ?. ?.About the question of modern linguistic cultural science’s origin /Taganrog, 2001. 5. Kubryakova ?. S. Cognitive features of motion verbs. Logical analyses of language/Moscow, 1992. 6. Kubryakova ?. S. Parts of speech from a cognitive point of view/Moscow, 1997. 7. Kubryakova ?. S. , Demyakov V. Z. , Pankrats U. Z. , Lusina L. G. Concise dictionary of cognitive terms /Moscow, 1996. 8. Kubryakova ?. S. Language and knowledge: On the way of language knowledge acquiring: ? : Parts of speech from a cognitive point of view/Moscow, 2004. 9. Kunin A. V. English-Russian dictionary of phrasal units/Moscow, 1984. 0. Kunin A. V. The course of modern English phraseology/Moscow, 1996. 11. Maslova V. A. Cognitive linguistics/Minsk, 2005. 12. Melerovich A . M. The problem of semantic analyses of phrases in Russian/ Yaroslavl, 1979 13. Polikarpov ?. ?. Reflection of historical events by phraseological fund of modern English language/Kaluga, 1998. 14. Smith L. P. Phraseology of English/Moscow, 1959. 15. Stepanov U. S. Constants. Dictionary of the Russian culture. Experience of research/Moscow, 1997. 16. Teliya V. N. Russian phraseology. Semantic, pragmatical and lingvo-cultural aspects / Moscow, 1996.

Social Issues in Hong Kong Teen Suicide - 1265 Words

Introduction Adolescence is a developmental period when youth begin to experience a desire for intimacy and increased responsibilities both socially and academically. A number of factors influence how adolescents navigate this period of change. Positive outcomes are more likely if adolescents engage in healthy activities, have adequate social support, and are connected with their families. However, the negotiation of developmental tasks in adolescents may also be quite challenging and difficult, leading to the onset of adolescent depression, substance use, and ultimately suicide The number of teenagers taking their own lives is increasing rapidly each year. Hong Kong was ranked 23rd out of 107 countries following suicides per 100,000Show MoreRelatedProblems Faced by Teenagers in Hong Kong1179 Words   |  5 Pagesworries: 1) Examination -teenagers are mainly secondary students and their ages are mainly 13-17. -their burdens are not only their homework and extra-curricular activities, but also their curriculum. -according to a survey conducted by Hong Kong University , about 80% students think that they need to face a lot of challenges about their examinations . -the survey also reveals that Chinese, English and mathematics are their main problems. They think that these are very difficult to manageRead MoreStereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth1476 Words   |  6 Pagesattack at the world trade centre at nine eleven in the United States of America, the seventh July suicide bombing in London, and the numerous suicide bombings and hijacks that are prevalent in Pakistan till today. 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