Manchild in the promised land

Original blacks in New York had the one of a kind circumstance of being in the urban life just because, having originated from slave work conditions on southern ranches, they brought their encounters of living as slaves, they brought their religion and they brought trust that life in the city would be extraordinary, that life would be better in the guarantee land.â As we seen in Manchild in the Promised Land, life in New York is hard, harder than the south in new ways that blacks couldn't have set themselves up for. Destitution, savagery, and partiality tailed them any place they went in America, including New York.â Black youngsters experiencing childhood in this urban setting resemble weeds developing between the splits in the pavementâ€they are healthy, they do what they need to do to survive.â The lanes are their play area, their school and expectation is just in the karma one has that they won’t get busted.â How did this way of life develop?â various components, to be specific neediness and preference made different issues grow, for example, brutality, kid misuse, drugs, prostitution and so forth. Youngster Abuse One social sick that regularly comes from neediness is youngster abuse.â In the book kid misuse is found in homes, for example, Claude’s companion Bucky whose mother, who is on government assistance, is in such a condition of gloom, that she picks her beverage and betting over taking care of her own four children.â These kids enjoyed living in the kid government assistance house on the grounds that in any event there they had three dinners every day and a spot to sleep.â Of his companion Claude says, â€Å"Bucky was the main child I realized who could remain out throughout the night and not be missed† (p 32). This plainly imparted in these young the battle to make due no matter what whether it be brutality or stealing.â School likewise became something that scarcely appears to be beneficial when a youngster could be out â€Å"catting† in the city and returned home with food, cash, garments or different things when school just implied that you would most likely get in a difficult situation for something and get beat when you got home.â Claude doesn’t appear to understand the advantages of going to class, figuring out how to peruse and so forth until nearly his secondary school years when the jail superintendent supports him and accepts that he could progress admirably. Similarly as an ace mishandled the slave, numerous a dark parent manhandled their kids under the misrepresentation of â€Å"spare the bar and ruin the child,† raising them up with savagery in their souls from the start.â Black kids in Harlem were to regard their folks and do what they were told or pay the expense. For discipline for his different wrongdoings and school skipping, Claude is beaten continuously more truly until his dad resorts to hitting him with his clench hands since it appears that regardless of what discipline Claude is given, he keeps on stumbling into difficulty and his dad is disappointed to the point of genuine violence.â So from the age of six years of age, savagery is ingrained in Claude as a methods for maintaining authority and for rebuffing incorrectly doing however curiously enough, viciousness was insufficient to make Claude regard his dad and the day his dad utilized his clench hands on Claude is by all accounts the day that Claude’s relationship with his dad was cut off. Savagery Savagery is a piece of endurance in Harlem.â One must shield their masculinity, their notoriety or dread losing significant collusions with other men who help make road life livable.â In jail one must secure their position of intensity, which is more obvious than in the city. Instances of savagery in the book incorporate when Claude repudiates his companion for permitting himself to be beat up by white menâ€to Harlem road youth this was the most ill bred thing one could do to oneself. Huge Bill, a man in Claude’s neighborhood, urged the children to battle since he realized they expected to figure out how to safeguard themselves on those hard streets.â Big Bill was setting them up forever, as he saw it.â In request to endure, Claude learned, you must be a â€Å"bad nigger,† which implied that you must be happy to do anything; you must be willing to die.â One time when Claude was beat up over a quarter he stated, â€Å"It wasn’t the estimation of money†¦ It was only that these things represented a man’s masculinity or principles† (p. 256). Viciousness is utilized to keep racial segregationâ€Claude is raised being informed that on the off chance that he were to ever lay down with a white lady he would be lynched.â The police use brutality to control violence.â Violence is likewise utilized by the ordinary occupants of Harlem to ensure themselves against the individuals who live the road life.â Claude got a slug in the stomach from a neighbor who was basically attempting to shield their sheets from being stolen.â One man’s head was aired out by a landowner for peeing in the passage of his building.â   The pattern of wrong doing is by all accounts propagated by savagery; it cuts the mind and causes an individual to become unfeeling to what exactly must be done to secure oneself and one’s assets in Harlem or any poor urban ghetto. Job of Women People of color in Harlem are the least on the command hierarchy so to talk and are treated as though they were items to claim or use.â Women are considered to just exist to satisfy men and men like Johnny, a pimp, treat ladies gravely so as to get what they want.â Claude’s own mom is vulnerable to control her child, basically ringing her hands and saying, â€Å"Boy, why you so bad?† (p 27).â For the situation of Sugar and Melvin, Sugar must advance up when her man concludes that he won't battle to make due in antagonistic Harlem yet essentially give upâ€she must interpretation of a progressively significant job in the relationship and lead the family unit. Medications Medications are another aftereffect of urban destitution in Harlem.â Drugs are a break, an opportunity to make a snappy buck.â Claude additionally said that medications became related with masculinity, â€Å"the youthful felines needed to consume medications since they used to tune in to the manner in which the addicts talked, with a drag in their voice† (p 261).â Many a person of color in Harlem got trapped in the snare of Heroine, believing that they were in charge and selling it, the medication assumed responsibility for them.â Pimp, Claude’s younger sibling, was simply such a character and Claude invested a ton of energy attempting to show his sibling this fair wasn’t the way. Religion Religion in Harlem beholds back to the spirituals of the South.â Charismatic chapel gatherings were held in old stores, lofts or any place there is space to be had. The ministers, for example, Mrs. Rogers, a jackleg minister, have no proper preparing yet lead their family and friends in a lesson and noisy petition meetings. Claude was doubtful of his involvement with Mrs. Roger’s church and for quite a long time later he recollected church as a spot where, â€Å" someone arranged a great deal of kitchen seats in a couple of columns, an evangelist did a ton of yelling about the Lord, individuals bouncing around until they got wrecked by the soul, and Mrs. Rogers put bowls of cash on a kitchen table and continued highlighting it and asking from more† (p. 27).â Claude accepts all through the book that religion is simply one more interruption, similar to a medication, to remove one’s psyche from the enduring of hard living. Dark Muslims in Harlem spoke to a little extraordinary type of confidence that managed the issues of the ghetto by turning the way of thinking of preference around with the goal that the individual of color was the prevalent race and the whites mediocre and as per Floyd Saks, â€Å"The opportunity has arrived for every single back man to ascend, gather as one and accomplish something for themselves† (p 319).â These Muslim’s urged blacks to â€Å"buy black† to better the dark economy.â Although Claude perceives the requirement for change in his locale he rapidly observes that Floyd’s confidence is just trading one abhor for another. Good examples The main good examples that urban youth in Harlem appeared to have were negative ones.â Those that buckled down didn't bring in enough cash to endure or live well.â Those that appeared to have enough cash and to have command over their life were the â€Å"street heroes† or the men who had the option to lie, cheat and take their living.â Claude was impacted by companions his own age, for example, Danny, who showed him how to take from sales registers and play hooky or Johnny who showed him how to hustle in the city. Claude thusly turned into a â€Å"street hero† and impacted his younger sibling Pimp who at that point wound up turning into a medication user.â The impact of kin was to such an extent that Pimp was relied upon to satisfy his brother’s intense notoriety so he must be a â€Å"bad nigger† and he needed to get in a tough situation as conceivable to make up for lost time to his brother’s long stretches of road experience.â Claude needs to pound a more seasoned kid for his sister Carole’s respect so as to protect his own just as hers. Claude finds a positive impact just in the â€Å"comforts† of the controlled jail where everything is obviously spread out with purpose.â Mr. Papanek and Mrs. Coen are the main two individuals in Claude’s life who decidedly affected his activities and helped him to understand that he was going no where doing likewise things that got him in a difficult situation previously and got other men in a difficult situation when him. Papanek continued telling individuals that, â€Å"Claude Brown will be a genuine success† and accordingly, Claude trusted it and got it going (p 167).â Doing something else had not happened to Claude before this or to other youth like him in light of the fact that there just weren’t any effective youthful people of color to be found. Reverend James was a positive good example in the Harlem people group that Claude tried to enable his sibling To pimp get off medications and to discover a track into college.â Claude regarded Reverend James since he was as intel

SWOT analysis on UK business 'What competition does Bubbleology face Essay

SWOT examination on UK business 'What rivalry does Bubbleology face in the Uk specialty drinks showcase ' - Essay Example I examined and analyzed various sources just as the site of the reference business to determine important data. My sources are applicable, state-of-the-art, definitive, and effective to address the opposition that Novosco face in the UK cloud advances, oversaw administration, and counseling market. Discoveries Novosco is an organization situated in Belfast U.K (ULSTER Business 2013, p. 1), which manages cloud innovations, oversaw administration, and counseling administrations. The organization has been in activity since 1994 and has recorded monstrous development and accomplishment throughout the years (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Subsequently, the organization has won significant acknowledgments in its activities like the Cisco Datacenter Partner of the Year and EMC Partner of the Year in 2012 dependent on the volume and gauge of work conveyed (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). In addition, the organization has been getting a charge out of predictable and tremendous financial development in the in novation business. Actually, Novosco got the Deloitte FAST50 grant in 2012 for the thirteenth back to back year for being the most progressive innovation organization in income development (Novosco Ltd 2012, p. 21). The organization shows significant level of specialized capacity where it interest in conveyance and care staff (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Without a doubt, the organization suits constant preparing and affirmation in its tasks with a perspective on increasing ideal skill and getting most extreme accreditation on the innovations they prescribe to their clients (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Novosco practices with helping organizations to use the extraordinary parts of rising advancements for reasons for tending to business challenges in an increasingly productive and financially savvy way (Novosco 2013, p. 1). It gives one of a kind counseling ability and specialized help to association trying to augment the benefits of their interest in data advances. Remarkably, the organization work s under oversaw administration or key association contracts with its significant customers to understand its goals (Novosco 2013, p. 1). All things considered, it works together with the best equipment and programming organizations that manage cloud innovations, oversaw administration, and other innovation applications. The organization invests in offering assistance to their customers in the assessment of every potential arrangement that empowers them to structure and convey practical arrangements (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Its principle customers incorporate colleges, government divisions, and UK and Ireland wellbeing trusts (Weir 2013, p. 1) with Belfast Health and Social Care Trust being its biggest customer (Gosling 2012, p. 1). Novosco Competition among Cloud Technologies, Managed Service, and Consulting Companies Novosco is the main supplier of oversaw administrations and cloud based foundation in U.K (Novosco 2013, p. 1). Be that as it may, the organization faces monstrous rivalr y in various divisions including the triumphant of agreements. Novosco looks to enlist its administrations to the more extensive market and its executives realize that it will confront hardened rivalry from built up organizations (WEIR 2013, p. 1) like AJUBEO and CDNETWORKS. The opposition will be in the field of web availability, gracefully of distributed computing, move of information, adjusting

Child Education In India Education Essay

Instruction has kept on developing, broaden and augment its range and inclusion since the morning of mankind's history. Each state builds up its arrangement of guidance to show and advance its alone socio-social independence what's more to run into the difficulties of the occasions. There are minutes in history when another route must be given to an old fashioned system. That moment is today. The state has arrived at a stage in its monetary and capable improvement when a significant endeavor must be made to reason the maximal profit by the benefits previously made and to ensure that the products of change arrive at all developments. Training is the primary street with that in mind. Issues Prevelance of Child work: All non-school voyaging kids are kid laborers in a single signifier or the other. Farming child work establishes the core of the activity. Kid work approaches and guidance arrangements must be detailed and worked pair. Guardians do want to guide their children to be instructed and poverty as a restricting variable is amazingly over-evaluated. Inspiration and handiness of base rather than need are the cardinal elements. The paper underlines the qualities of formal guidance in wiping out youngster work and compellingly contends for a resolution law to gracefully for mandatory education.A The central proclamation against kid work and required guidance is that it is vital for the prosperity of the hapless as the region can't gracefully mitigation. The second proclamation, is that guidance would do the hapless not well arranged for the kind of manual work that is required to be finished. The third proclamation is that sure enterprises would be compelled to close down on the off chance that they did non hold the establishment of the low compensation kid work. The last proclamation against editing youngster work and executing required guidance is that the State ought to non be permitted to meddle in the guardians ‘ rights who realize what is best for their children and family units. Absence of Coverage: Despite the standard extension of the ICDS, the inclusion of children for ECCE is still every piece low as 20 for each centum. This is an issue of both inconsistent course and inconsistent nature of administration bringing. With ICDS go oning to be the main vehicle for ECCE, the GOI is recommending to spread out the administration further and universalise it inside the accompanying hardly any mature ages. While this is an invite proposition, the danger is of spread excursion too much quick and settling on quality. Young lady Child Education: The Indian specialists has communicated a solid committedness towards guidance for all ; by the by, India despite everything has one of the most minimal female proficiency rates in Asia. In 1991, under 40 for every centum of the 330 million grown-up females matured 7 and over were proficient, which implies today there are more than 200 million ignorant grown-up females in India. Laws Associating to Child Education in IndiaConstitutional spot of guidance in IndiaWhile sing the varying features of guidance regarding territory obligation, legal readings, given to this obligation by grouped legitimate specialists are the essential start of larning. In old fashioned occasions, guidance was fundamentally a demonstration of noble cause or charitable blessing. At that point, it was thought of as a ‘occupation ‘ . Legal proclamation ventured to such an extreme as to consider it to be a ‘industry ‘ . Regardless of whether or non to fathom guidance as a cardinal right or non has been bantered for a long clasp. The constitution and the removal of an instructive foundation for the transport of cognizance to understudies is a business, secured by Article 19 ( 1 ) ( g ) and to boot by Article 26 ( a ) , if there is no part of overall gain coevals. Giving guidance has come to be an office of help for certain experts. It is considered as a strategic l ife for certain humanitarians. â€Å" Education † was a State Subject in position of the undermentioned Entry 11, put in List II State List: †â€Å" 11. Training including colleges, competent to the commissariats of passages 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I and section 25 of List III. † By the Constitution ( 42nd Amendment ) Act 1976, the above-said Entry was coordinated to be erased and on the other hand Entry 25 in List III Concurrent List, was coordinated to be suitably revised in order to peruse as under: †â€Å" 25. Training, including capable guidance, clinical guidance and colleges, able to the commissariats of passages 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I ; professional and capable planning of work † The Constitution of India has laid an order before the territory to do a stipulation of free and obligatory guidance for kids underneath the age of 14 mature ages. 45. Arrangement for nothing and obligatory guidance for kids: The State will try to flexibly, inside a time of 10 mature ages from the earliest starting point of this Constitution, for nothing and compulsory guidance for all children until they complete the age of 14 mature ages. Be that as it may, the specialists has non been effective in providing equivalent establishments of guidance for the under advantaged kids, situated in the provincial nations. The Supreme Court in the occasion Unnikrishnan versus Province of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) decided that the privilege to guidance is a cardinal right that streams from the privilege to life in Article 21 of the Constitution. Following this sentiment, the 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2002 included Article 21A, saying, â€Å" The State will flexibly free and obligatory guidance to all children of the age of six to fourteen mature ages in such mode as the State may, by statute, decide. † The 86th Amendment other than altered Article 45, which currently peruses â€Å" The State will try to flexibly youth consideration and guidance for all children until they complete the age of 6 mature ages. † The area late authorized the Right to Education Act, looking to result the 86th Constitutional amendmentJudiciary and EducationIn the judgment of Unnikrishnan, a Constitution Bench of this Court confined a procedure that administers inductions to proficient schools. The main point was to ensure that uprightness wins in the undertaking of permissions, both in respect of what were called â€Å" free seats † each piece great as in respect of â€Å" installment seats. † This judgment was rendered on February 4, 1993. The procedure was to be viable from the Academic Year 1993-94 onwards. Audit Petitions were recorded by a few foundations against the said judgment. They were excused by the Constitution Bench. The judgment of P.A. Inamdar and others versus Province of Maharashtra was a milestone in the field of instructive statute. Law contemplates are full with sentiments identified with the guidance in its few features. Until the T.M.A Pai Foundation example, there were four oft-cited prima cases refering the field of guidance, viz. , ( I ) Unni Krishnan v. Territory of Andhra Pradesh ( 1993 ) 1 SCC 645 ( two ) St. Stephen ‘s College v. College of Delhi ( 1992 ) 1 SCC 558 ( three ) Ahmedabad St. Xavier ‘s College Society v. Province of Gujarat ( 1974 ) 1 SCC 717 and ( four ) Rhenium: Kerala Education Bill, 1957, ( 1958 ) SCR 995.Right to Education ActThe Right to Education Act looks to offer outcome to the 86th Amendment of the Constitution of India. Remarkable commissariats: The State will ensure a school in each region Each school will adjust to certain negligible rules, characterized in the Bill Government schools will gracefully free guidance to all conceded kids Private schools will recognize at any rate 25 % of children from more vulnerable regions ; no expense will be charged to these children Screening preliminaries at the clasp of induction and capitation charges are restricted for all children Government schools will be overseen by School Management The National Commission for Elementary Education will be comprised to administer all aspects of basic guidance including quality.The Right to Education Act recommends the Rights of Every Child as follows:Every kid between the age of 6 and 14 mature ages has the option to full-time free and required guidance in a local school. Non-enlisted kids, old enough gathering 7-9 mature ages, reserve the privilege to be conceded during a time fitting class inside one twelvemonth of the start of the Act, and children, old enough gathering 9-14 mature ages, reserve the option to be given specific projects that will empower them to go to such class inside three mature ages. Kids with awful or significant disablement, who can't go to a local school, reserve the privilege to be given guidance in a fitting domain. A child can non be kept down in any class or ousted from a school rock mud Class VIII. Any discharge requires a request for the School Management Committee ( SMC ) , which will be given simply after all other disciplinary advances have been depleted, and guardians/gatekeepers have been heard. The nearby approval will take stairss to engrave such a child in another area school.The Act other than endorses the obligation of the State as follows:The State will ensure handiness of a local school for each child inside three mature ages. In occurrence of non-accessibility, free movement or free private establishments will be given. The state/UT specialists will locate each twelvemonth the interest of schools, establishments, and their areas ; set up additional schools as required ; send teachers and make establishments for their planning. The State will build up an instrument to direct enlistment, commitment and accomplishment position of each child, and take disciplinary stairss wheresoever required. Data in this regard will be made accessible in the open circle, remembering for a web based balance. School Admissions No school can continue any screening procedure of any child or guardians at the clasp of induction. Youngsters will be chosen for induction in an irregular mode. Capitation expenses are prohibited.Commissariats refering Sch

The Awful Secret of Persuasive Speech Template

The Awful Secret of Persuasive Speech Template Getting the Best Persuasive Speech Template Ladies and gentlemen the persuasive of life is easily the most incredible gift anybody may give. Men and women that are skilled and have mastered the art of earning different persuasive speech topics sound attractive and convincing as they can influence people with the direction they want. Most people have not mastered how to compose their speeches properly because they don't understand the way to use words well. The very best thing about speech is that anybody can make it. Possessing the capacity to offer compelling and persuasive speeches looks like a pure present. Tell your audience precisely what to do. You will receive exclusive texts, which will be concluded in time. You will receive exceptional texts, which will be concluded in time. You can't just offer a plain and easy start a speech once your purpose is to let them understand and believe every word you say. Among the crucial elements of a thriving persuasive speech doesn't be based on the outline you decide to follow. There are several different alternatives to commence a prosperous persuasive speech. There exist a number of different choices for beginning a prosperous persuasive speech. At the vital stage of your speech, you are going to provide a solution. Now you provide a solution. A template will remind you of the situations that you should concentrate on your speech. Once you have finished designing the template, it is very important to save it like a Word template so that you may use it later on. A speech template will permit you to sequence information effectively. It can prevent you from rambling. You may generate a similar selection of essay regardless of what type the quetion requires. As a consequence, it can be generally suggested to try to do a satisfactory study before deciding upon a particular assistance. In reality, you will be in a position to fulfill while using the author on line and chat about your research. In truth, it is possible to satisfy with all the author on line and concentrate on your research. Allocating a time limit for the key sections of your speech is a great way to keep on sample schedule. In excess of the period in your tutorial job, you're likely to be asked for to compose plenty of essays and papers on several subject areas, based on the education routine. Fast food needs to be taxed. Keeping to the speed limit may also help the surroundings. Normally, it's really simple to discover fully free essay, but there exists yet another dilemma for receiving the essay, which you definitely need to have. The principal idea of someone's complete essay will likely be your thesis assertion. The precise same is ideal for the best essay writers. Truthfully, careful planning is required to have a wonderful speech. New Questions About Persuasive Speech Template Above the duration of the tutorial occupation, you are going to be asked for to compose a great deal of essays and papers on several different subjects, based on the coaching routine. Just because of the fact the re are several alternate alternatives for what to put in writing about, additionally, you'll discover distinctive means of approaching an audio essay. Over the duration of your respective educational occupation, you may be asked for to compose a good deal of papers and essays on several subject areas, based on the teaching computer software. Over the period of a person's educational profession, you're going to be asked for to compose tons of papers and essays on numerous subject areas, based on the teaching system. Oral presentation topics must be dealt with properly to attain a desirable outcome. An essay may have a lot of intentions, although the simple composition of all form of essays will probably be similar. It can have lots of intentions, though the elementary construction of all form of essays will likely be very same. A good example essay will ensure it is feasible to analyze essay structure and outlines along with writing and reference stylethere are certain things which make a persuasive essay.

Obesity in the United States and The Importance of Exercis

In the United States, obesity is currently one of the largest issues in our society. Sugary sodas, fatty foods, and lack of exercise are the main causes of this issue. Not only does obesity affect adults, but it affects young children as well. In 2012, it was reported that two-thirds of adults in the United States are considered overweight or obese. It was also reported that 31.8% of children and teenagers in the United States are considered overweight or obese as well. Young children are naturally attracted to foods high in sugar, calories, and sodium, but many parents fail to moderate their child’s intake of these potentially harmful items. Generally, a person’s eating habits begin to develop at a young age. If children are taught to eat healthy foods, it will most likely be a lifestyle they will maintain for the rest of their lives. Sometimes this can be a very difficult task, but teaching children to exercise can make it much easier. Many people in the United State s do not take the time to partake in physical activity because they simply do not have the time or do not feel it is necessary. Although this is a common belief, exercise is extremely beneficial to the human body in a variety of ways and this essay will further explain how. Exercise falls into four different categories. The first category is endurance/aerobic exercises. Endurance exercises such as running and swimming involve the repetitive movement of large muscles in the body in order to increase the

The Philosophy Of Mind And The Body - 1646 Words

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He introduced new theories about the mind and the body that, while not always correct, undoubtedly changed peoples’ views and sparked a whole new approach to looking at the mind. There is one thing Descartes knew forRead MoreEssay about Monism vs Dualism1001 Words   |  5 Pagesviews of the human person. Philosophers have been trying to decipher whether the person is made up of the mind, the body, or both. Monists hold the belief that existence is purely based upon one ultimate â€Å"category of being† this means that either the person is made up of only the body or only the mind (Morris p155). Dualists hold the belief that existence is based upon the body as well as the mind and its mental properties (Morris p155). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two basic types of monism

Frederic Chopin Essay Example For Students

Frederic Chopin Essay Was known to dress in mens clothing and smoke in public like men Mazurka as a genre A Polish folk dance in triple meter (first beat gets the emphasis) O But in the Mazurka its the second beat that gets the emphasis Traditionally danced to (Chopping werent danced to in the beginning) Chopin composed 69 Mazurka, 59 are published Political implications Mazurka in a-flat, pop. L no. 7 Texture O Homophobic (melody accompaniment) Melody (ABA(BAA)CA(CA)) similar to Rondo form O A stepwise upward motion, all conjunct O B undulating motion (up and down) O C downward motion, the accompaniment is drone bass. Rhythm O Rubout robbed time means the performer will take some extra time in some spot and catch up in some other part. Passionate and direct music. German composer and a conductor O Made a living from conducting for quite a while Highly controversial fugue O Anti-Semitic O Left wing radical Ended up having to flee to Switzerland because of arrest warrant Financial difficulties always fleeing from creditors Music AAA Frederic Chopin By Arabian_456 O B- undulating motion (up and down) S Helped support him and to pay off some of his debt 1876 and large opera house (Effectiveness) was built for Wagers operas in Bayreuth, Bavaria Lots of affairs married twice and his 2nd wife, Cosmic, 26 years younger than him Composed more than dozen operas His music elicits strong reactions. You either hate him or love him as a figure and a composer Moved to Latvia, to work as a conductor. Munich under the patronage of Ludwig Died in Venice in 1883 in Italy. The Ring Cycle Comprised of 4 operas O The Rhine Gold O The Valerie O Siegfried O Twilight of the Gods All in German Libretti by Wagner, based on old Germanic legends O Gods, heroes and mythical creatures who fight over this magical ring that grants domination over the entire world. Didnt write the 4 operas in order but thats the order he prefers Monumental work over 15 hours to perform Worked on opera cycle over several decades The Lord of the Rings Similarities between LOTT and Ring cycle Each cycle consists of 4 works prequel and 3 main ones Both cycle begin in a state of innocence that is corrupted and then ultimately stored. Plot center on efforts to own and control the ring Ring hold great power but also brings on grief Giants, Dragons The Valerie, Act Ill Whatnots Farewell Best known for the beginning of Act Ill, The Ride of the Valerie Characters O Watson chief of the god O Brainchild his daughter; a warrior-like Valerie S Valhalla Actions Verdi vs.. Wagner Verdi Virtuosic vocal writing (Melissa) Wager The singer and the orchestra integrated; equal parts Syllabic vocal writing; very little text repetition O Wanted them to be more inherently dramatic O Like real life O Music dramas Wanted to be more faithful to the drama (Wagner described his operas as music dramas What happened on the stage is tangible reflection of what is going on in the music Gauntnesss O Sesame total, Skunks work of, were art O The orchestra needs to match the costumes, the costumes need to match the scene. O Integrating all of the parts into a whole Wagers term. O Leitmotif guiding motif A brief musical phrase associated with some person, event or idea in the drama Transformed depending in situation sad, happy, tragic